Social Entrepreneurship

When Society Expects Us to Fail, We Usually Do

Published August 10, 2009 @ 01:23PM PT

Season 4 of The Wire focused on a group of 8th graders caught between school and the reality of urban life

Lurking underneath data about nonprofit performance and hiding in the shadows behind our enthusiasm about innovative approaches to social change is a reality that saps our ability to create change.

When society expects us to fail, we usually do.

In a profoundly important piece published in the Washington Post today, former teacher Sarah Fine writes about why she left teaching behind after four years of incredible effort. She lists the culprits you expect, of course. "Burnout," she says, is shorthand for the frustration of dealing with apathetic students, administrations that add work and limit authority without changing pay, and all the other things we've come to associate with a broken education system.

But that wasn't, in the end, what drove her out. She admits with difficulty that it was as much about the way the rest of the world saw her as it was about anything she felt day to day:

Do my lawyer and consultant friends find themselves having to explain why they chose their professions? I doubt it. Everyone seems to know why they do what they do. When people ask me about teaching, however, what they really seem to mean is that it's unfathomable that anyone with real talent would want to stay in the classroom for long. Teaching is an admirable and, well, necessary profession, they say, but it's not for the ambitious. "It's just so nice," was the most recent version I heard, from a businesswoman sitting next to me on a plane.

She goes on to reinforce the notion that her Millennial generation is engaged and active, but sagely notices that the flip side of engagement can be a challenge, as well: "Our engagement also explains why we are leaving the classroom. We are not used to feeling consistently defeated and systemically undervalued."

How ironic.

How ironic that this young woman who had given four years to trying to make it in this vital position eventually had to succumb to the exact same sort of expectations of failure that likely made it so difficult for her students to succeed.

We expect failure from students who grow up around drugs and without strong parental and community support. We expect failure from the teachers who would try to give them a different path forward.

In so doing, we cue society to look at our education system, and by extension the people in it, as broken; worthy of pity and perhaps even sad admiration, but fundamentally fighting an unwinnable battle and as such, naive.

And while our media machine holds up the Finding Forrester examples of unexpected success, the focus on exceptional individuals in the stories we tell ends up reinforcing the hopelessness of the system as a whole.

While we understand, on some intuitive level, the debilitating impact of societal scorn, it remains far too easy for us to write away the emotional impact of societal pity. This is what Sarah Fine is talking about when she asks why her lawyer friends never have to explain why they do what they do. It's not about the work itself, but about the way society values that work.

In many ways, this all comes back to success and is at the center of Alain de Botton's recent talk at TEDGlobal on a kinder, gentler form of success. He linked career anxiety and modern society's justmental tendency to define a person in terms of what they do with the particular way we value material items. In his estimation, we are not a particularly materialistic society, we've simply come to associate certain types of emotional rewards of success with the position of particular types of goods. The point is that it's the emotional reward we're after, not the good itself.

I can't help but be reminded of a moment from South Park, which I continue to believe is the most dead-on pop cultural commentary we have. In this particular episode, 8-year old Kyle Broslovski is asking his father for money for a Chimpokomon, the newest toy that all the students at school must have:

Kyle: Dad, can I have money for a chimpokomon?..Please everyone else has one
Father: Well, Kyle, that's not a reason to buy one. You see son, fads come and go. And this chimpokomon is nothing more than a fad. You don't have to be a part of it. In fact, you can make an even stronger statement, by saying to your peers, I'm not going to be a part of this fad, because I'm an individual. Do you understand son?
Kyle: Yes, yes I do dad. Now let me tell you how it works in the real world. In the real world, I can either get a chimpokomon, or be the only kid without one, which singles me out, and makes the other kids make fun of me and kick my ass.
Father: Hmm. Good point. Here's $10. Actually, here's $20, get one for your brother as well.

The way that a society makes judgments about the value of any good or any pursuit has an immense impact on the way people pursue those things. The expectations that a society has for people in any particular position, whether it's as a teacher in an inner city or as a member of a poor community, have a serious and often detrimental impact on the way those people come to see themselves, and often comes to define the upper boundaries of how they view their potential for success.

When it comes to education, we simply cannot allow the story of a broken, hopeless system to persist. We cannot allow the story of education to be a set of predictable archetypes - the talented student who just needs to believe in themself; the teacher who wants to help them but has the whole world fighting against them - and a predictable set of outcomes - consistent failure with a few shining moments.

Education is how we transmit what it means to be a part of a community, a part of a country, a part of a global community. It is, particularly as the nature of work and life continue to change at an accelerating pace, a field that absolutely everyone has a stake in.

Let's start by stopping our questions about why someone would teach, and starting to ask how we can help.

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Comments (12)

  1. Steve Wright

     

    Nathaniel, great post.  Thank you for speanding the time on this.  I was a teacher for 9 yrs. and much of this rings very true.  (Thanks for the link to the article as well.)

    I am curious about the social entrepreneurship lens on education.  The profit motive has the same failed history in education as it has in health care.  There must be some notable stand outs?

    Also, the summation of Alain de Botton's talk does not ring true to me: "In his estimation, we are not a particularly materialistic society, we've simply come to associate certain types of emotional rewards of success with the position of particular types of goods. The point is that it's the emotional reward we're after, not the good itself."  Do you have a link to a video? The frame for the post "When society expects us to fail we usually do" is excellent but the idea that we are primarily motivated by personal emotional rewards feels myopic. It seems that we are the victims of the very same forces that push down children in our schools.  We cave to the approval or expectation or, maybe, instruction of "society" to feel good when receiving a particular reward. Who gets to be an actor?

    Finally, a great series of 5 posts from a neurologist I know on how our treatment of youth is actually manufacturing a criminal class.

    http://merzenich.positscience.com/?p=210

    Posted by Steve Wright on 08/11/2009 @ 07:58AM PT

  2. Nathaniel Whittemore

     

     

    Hi Steve

    Thanks for your thoughtful comments.

    Here's the link to Alain de Botton's talk:

    http://www.ted.com/talks/alain_de_botton_a_kinder_gentler_philosophy_of_success.html

     

    I understand your point, in the sense that we have the ability to stand up to immense pressure even when society's expectations are counter to what we know or feel is right, just or true. I don't think, however, it's necessarily mutually exclusive to recognize that those forces have a major impact on how we make decisions (and that they are often about the emotional reward or affirmation we get after an action rather than the successful completion or rejection of the action itself) while at the same time not just blithely excusing everything as a popularity contenst. Does that make any sense?

    Posted by Nathaniel Whittemore on 08/16/2009 @ 07:01PM PT

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  4. Mary Ann Thompson

    Nathanial I really like your post. What I see is going on right now is we are attracted to careers that pay the most whether it be football,an actor, a CEO. Its the money and the status of that career that society is saying is the way to go. Where would each and everyone of us be without teachers? Uneducated, yet the most important career is not given a valued place in society. When teachers continue to receive such low salaries, and have to pay out of pocket expenses for classroom supplies and receive little recognition do we not get it why they leave the profession? Now take an inner city poverty stricken child with parents that have addictions who but the teacher will be there for them to be a mentor, friend and inspire in them hope that with an education they can get out of that mess?  As a nurse I spent time in a inner city school. When the students came to my office for their needs I would ask them what they wanted to be. 9 out 10 said gangster. What we seein the media glorifies the young minds. When I explained to them gangters get paralzed a life in a wheelchair where their hommies don't know them or dying of a bullet is an awful painful way to go I would tell them that the next time I saw them I wanted them to give me a career that they wanted to be in and how they were going to achieve this? Needless to say I was fired because it wasn't my place to counsel these youngsters. I did this while administering first aide. Whether in teaching, or nursing what happened to caring and not the dollar? That's why we have a boken society.

    Posted by Mary Ann Thompson on 08/11/2009 @ 11:09AM PT

  5. Ryan Pederson

    Nathaniel,

    Thank you for your post. I just spent the summer teaching in a church-based summer school on the west side of Chicago, and it gave me a slight glimpse of the courage, determination, and love that being a good teacher requires. I felt awful to have ever thought that someone was "just a teacher."

    One teacher I met articulated exactly what I imagine many teachers felt when she told my group that teaching takes "every ounce of her physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual strength day in and day out. It's the most challenging and rewarding job I could imagine." As I start my consulting job in one month, I look at my two teacher roommates with an immense amount of respect and admiration.

    I agree that our society needs a shift in our expectations, on multiple levels. I've recently been inspired by some of Jawanza Kunjufu's writings, in which he argues that the best thing we can do for an inner-city student is have high expectations for his/her success. Sounds like this applies to both students and teachers.

    Posted by Ryan Pederson on 08/11/2009 @ 12:33PM PT

  6. Nathaniel Whittemore

    Great response Ryan. If you have specific recommended readings, I'm sure people here would love to see them!

    Posted by Nathaniel Whittemore on 08/16/2009 @ 07:02PM PT

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  8. Andrew Heugel

    Nathaniel,

    Excellent post. The term one of my college professors (Leonard Krasner) used regarding this is the "self fulfilling prophesy." As someone who facilitates an advocacy group of people with developmental disabilities and also works as as a staff trainer, I have my frustrations and moments of doubt. Plus, there are the comments of people who tell me what a noble sacrifice I'm making to do this kind of work while their eyes seem to say that I won't get far regarding training people with developmental disabilities to be better at speaking up for themselves. And, in my staff trainer role, one of the places I work is with inner city young people, most in their twenties and often single mothers on public assistance who wish to escape from that system and become direct care workers, and in some cases eventually supervisors.

    I cannot afford to give up on any of these people. Society cannot afford to minimize the efforts of the direct care workers, teachers, social workers, or counselors who work in the trenches with people with HIV, substance abuse problems and who have often had little hope in their lives. For only when the people in the trenches help give hope to the hopeless and help them believe in themselves can we make better communities and each do our part to create a better world.

    This effort requires the work or support of all of us, whether it be supporting people with disabilities, or people who are disabled because of virtue of the social and economic conditions they come from, including prison, and by supporting the people who help these people help themselves.

    Posted by Andrew Heugel on 08/16/2009 @ 01:18PM PT

  9. Matthew Souther

    Hi Nathaniel,

    I appreciate your bringing attention to this teacher's article, which was thought-provoking.  I'm not sure I understand this "societal expectation" framework you've set up, though.  Sure, I think there's an expectation that educated young people will to go into professions that are empowering and well-compensated, so you might say society expects them not to go into teaching in the first place.  But Teach for America expects them to go into teaching, and Teach for America is increasingly an influential part of our modern society, so it stands to reason that many are now doing so.  As for the amount of time that teachers spend teaching, if they are burning out quickly, people will come to expect that, but I don't think there is a societal bias telling green-behind-the-ears teachers how they should feel about continuing in their jobs.  After all, they chose their jobs.  The point of expectations is clearly secondary to the fact that teaching is miserable.  If you make a habit of expecting the sun not to rise in the morning, eventually you're going to have to shift that expectation based on the evidence: teachers keep quitting, and the sun keeps rising.

    Some other evidence?  Poor urban minority kids keep on failing, whether we expect it or not.  What is going to shift our expectations?  If they start succeeding.  How can we ever expect such a thing to happen?  Well, for that we need a different kind of economy.

    Posted by Matthew Souther on 08/16/2009 @ 02:18PM PT

  10. Nathaniel Whittemore

    I think there's a lot of great stuff here Matthew, thank you for joining the conversation.

    I think an important point that you bring up is the question of cause and effect. Are people dropping out of teaching (or dropping out of school) because we expect them to? Or do we expect them to because they keep doing it?

    I think the answer many would come to is that there is something of a vicious cycle that creates an ever more self-fulfilling prophecy.

    An example which demonstrates this power pretty effectively I think is political expectations. In 2004, when Howard Dean ran, there was an initial burst of excitement followed by a period where it became fashionable to say "Well, I like that Dean, but he can never win." The thing is, in so declaring that political prognosis people were not only making a statement, they were effectively ensuring that that statement was true.

    Now the pundits obviously don't have as much ability to directly influence the outcome of individual student's lives in the same way they can influence elections, but the point remains that the way we structure expectations has a tendency to reinforce those expectations.

    In terms of your point about "the point of expectations is clearly secondary to the fact that teaching is miserable," is, I think, a statement that's hard to put much stock in. No matter what you believe, it's going to be anecdotal, right? The Op-Ed that this was based on would deny your point entirely, for example.

    And finally, I think that something that I perhaps didn't explore fully enough in the main piece is that expectations don't just impact the way that people invest in their own lives, it influences the way the rest of us invest in the ecosystems of support around them. You say that poor urban minority kids keep on failing, but if that is your expectation, why on earth would you support increased funding, better teacher training, better infrastructure, more support, or all of the other things that could make a significant and demonstrable difference? Our political system is structured in a way that we do have direct influence on others and we can't forget that.

    Thanks again for your thought provoking and important comments!

    Posted by Nathaniel Whittemore on 08/16/2009 @ 07:10PM PT

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  12. carol forrest

    It strikes me, as it so often does, that the voice of this teacher, the voice I am hearing is not a typical individual but coming from a more elitist position--in the first place, her friends being lawyers and such. Most teachers, their friends are not lawyers. It is because wealthier people are supposedly more interesting people, they're better copy and given greater shrift over and over. And I beleive it does credit to Mr. Hawthorne for saying, as he does a few times in this article--let's stop talking about exceptional this and that--it does this issure little service. But it even highllights who it is we are always hearing from--those with more, more family background, more education, more wealth etc. We are sort of expected to commend the well off individual for their sacrifices more than a boring average one, because they had the option to be more selfish in life, and we are to care so much about their middle (upper)class disillusionment and ennui?

    Posted by carol forrest on 08/16/2009 @ 03:49PM PT

  13. Nathaniel Whittemore

    Carol, I think your point is a fair one, but I also things it can get into dangerous territory.

    If we recognize, for example, the immense pressure that this woman felt to "do something else" with her time, should it matter to us what her social standing was? Do we presume that it was only because she was of a certain class that people had those expectations? That society's scornful eye towards professions like teaching is only for those who appear to be committing some sort of financial class suicide?

    And are we really prepared to make assumptions about from where the writer comes? We know she went to college, but that's about it. We don't know if she was there of full financial aid or scholarship. We don't know if she had lost a parent and was able to pay her way through inheritence. We don't know if she was wealthy, but that wealth came from her first generation immigrant parents who had built it through hard work and materializing the American dream.

    The point is we don't know, and there's certainly more pressumption there than I'm comfortable with.

    And perhaps the more important point is that it's somewhat irrelevant for the question at hand, which is about if and how society systematically underminds important professions and pursuits by placing a lesser value on them because of differences in financial compensation. That is a question not restricted to class.

    Thanks for your contributions - your points are important food for though!

    Posted by Nathaniel Whittemore on 08/16/2009 @ 07:15PM PT

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  15. Gretchen Pemberton

    As a lawyer, I have never once wondered why someone would become a teacher!  It is the most important job in the world!!  In fact, I know at least two lawyers from my graduating class who chucked the law to become teachers. My daughters both want to become teachers and I hope they do.  I do not understand Ms. Fine's attitude or experience at all. I have never heard ANYONE from any walk of life say anything negative or disparaging about the job of teaching.

    Posted by Gretchen Pemberton on 08/16/2009 @ 06:54PM PT

  16. Nathaniel Whittemore

    I can only say that I'm glad to hear your perspective Gretchen, although I don't think it's as common as I'd like. Good for you to encourage your daughters to become teachers - or whatever it is they most end up wanting to be!

    Posted by Nathaniel Whittemore on 08/16/2009 @ 07:16PM PT

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Nathaniel Whittemore

Nathaniel is the founding Director of the Center for Global Engagement at Northwestern University, which works annually with hundreds of students in dozens of countries around the world through curricular programs and student project incubation.

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